Cylinder head for internal-combustion engines



Feb. 2 1926.

L. F. HOFFMAN CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June '10, 2 Sheets-Shet 1 IN VEN TOR [eon F Hoff man BY 'ATTOIPNEY Feb. 2 1926.

L. F. HOFFMAN CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 2 Sheets-Sheet, 2

iled June 10 N VEN TOR [eon E Huffman BYAATmRA/Er Patented F cl). 2, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT 1,571,583 omen.

LEON I. HOFFMAN, F FRANKLIN, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO CHICAGO PNEU- MATIC TOOL COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application filed June 10, 1924. Serial No. 719,054.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEON F. HOFFMAN,

a citizen of the United States of America,

invented new and useful Improvements in- Cylinder Heads for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines utilizing as fuel the heavier hydro-carbon oils such as crude petroleum 'and its heavier refined and semi-refined products. More particularly it concerns an improved type of head for such an engine.

The cylinder head of an engine of the type described as ordinarily constructed comprises a large casting, cored for the water cooling system, forming a closure for the cylinder and also providing a combustion chamber separated from the cylinder by a perforated Water cooled partition. A relatively small cap closes the combustion chamher and is secured to the head. ,ordinary head consists primarily of one Thus the large mass of cast metal with cored walls and a cored partition plate which in service is subjected to the intense heat produced 1n the combustion chamber, which heat has its greatest effect upon the integral watercooled division or partition plate perforated for the passage of the exploding charge from the combustion chamber to the cylinder. .In service this head has a tendency to fail through the development of cracks generally in or around the (llVlSlOIl plate. These failures are probably due to casting strains set up when the heads are made or to the localization of the intense heat produced in the combustion chamber or to both. The failure of heads of this type is relatively high and frequently forms a considerable portion of the repair and upkeep expense of an oil engine.

Among the objects of the invention are to reduce greatly or to avoid entirely. the

fracture of cylinder heads and the expense occasioned thereby or incident thereto, to

cheapen the cost of manufacture of cylinder heads and to reduce the percentageof de fective and rejected heads, to facilitate the repair of oil engines with a consequent reduction in time lost and in repair cost,- and in general to improve prior devices of the class described. and to prevent waste.

The invention comprises the construction of the cylinder head in three parts instead of two, namely a cylinder head ring, a separator or partition member and an ex losive chamber member. "By this constructlon the mass of metal forming any one casting is greatly reduced and the liability of defective parts resultin from casting strains is correspondingly minimized. When the parts are bolted together and'to the cylinder there is provision for slight relative ex ansion particularly of thecombustion c amber member and of the partition member, the decreased mass of these with prior construction permitting quick distribution of heat therethrough and lar ely eliminating the stress and strain WhlCll would result were they integrally united.

' The invention is illustrated inthe accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the cylinder end of an oil engine embodying the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale through the cylinder head and the adjacent end of the cylinder;

-Fig. 3 is an end elevational view of the parts shown in Fig. 2 on a slightly reduced scale; and

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 disclose the parts of the cylinder head, namely the cylinder head ring, the partition member and the combustion chamber member res ectively in top plan, section, and bottom p an.

A typical installation of the invention is disclosed in Fig. 1 wherein A is the foundationfor an oil engine, B its cylinder, C the exhaust conduit, D the cylinder head assembly, E a water connection for the Water jacket ofthe engine, and F the fuel pipe, these parts with the exception of the cylin der head assembly struction.

' The cylinder head assembly comprising the present invention consists of a cylinder head ring 7, a partition member 8 and-a combustion chamber member 9. The cylinder head ring 7 (clearly disclosed as a-separate element in Fig. 4) engages the end of parts as compared D being of the usual con-.

. and to be securedto' member 7 in flange 16 through casting strains, that the re nurses tion member 8, disclosed as a separateele-a madeand is reduced smeeut is ry to the entire ment in Fig. 5, is adapted to be applied to isassembling, the cylinder head. vA projecting boss 13 on partition member 8 extends into and throughl bore 12' of member 7 with a loose fit. is boss, as shown in the sectional views of Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, is of substantial thickness and is cooled by a water chamber 14 extending therethrough. One or more (in the present instance'two) openings 15 extend entirel through member 8 and its boss 13 for t e passage of the exploding charge from the combustion chamber'to the cylinder chamber of the engine. The combustion chamber members 9, disclosed as a separate element in Fig. 6, has a flange 16 W. 'ch engagesthe upper surface of partition member 8 and suitable means such as cap screws 17 extend through'o nings 18 of member 9 throug registering openin 19 in member 8 and into threaded sockets 0 in member 7 to securely unite members 9 and 8 in assembled relation upon cylinder ring member 7. c

When the parts are assembled, as illustrated in Fig. 2, it will .be seen that water passages 21 in member 7 connect with water passa es 22 in member 8 and these in turn with t e water passages'23 in member 9. To prevent leakage a gasket 24 of copper or other suitable material is interposed between the abutting faces of members 8 and 7 and a similar gasket 25 is interposed between the abutting faces of members 9 and 8 in addition to the usual gasket 26 between the end of the cylinder and the head. In

addition to the opening 27 for the fuel pipe l3, the combustion chamber member 9 may be provided with such other open ngs as are necessary or desirable in an engine of th s kind, including an opening 28 for the hot tube device 29 protected by casing 30 and used for startingpurposes, also an opening 31 for the admission of compressed air also for starting purposes. i

From the above it will be apparent that the construction of the cylinder head in three parts reduces the mass of metal in each part 'andthe liability of defective arts uce ' mass of the parts results in more rapid and even distribution of heat therethrough, that the mannerof assembllng theparts permits relative movement of the same under expansion, that the loose fit of boss 13 of the partition member 8 in the opening of the cylinder ring member 7 relieves the latter of any stress due to the more rapld ex ansion of the partition member resulting rom the intense heat of the exploding gases as they pass through the bores or perforations 15, and that in. the event of. a defect or breakage of any one of these members its replacement with a new part is readily "cylinder head;

I claim as my inventionz. 1. In; an on engine; in'combination with the cylinder thereof, a three 'art cylinder head compr sing a cylinder head mg the cylmder andproviding an opening ring eng gof smaller diameter than the cylinder bore,

a perforated partition member engaging said vring and closing said opening, and a combustion chamber member engaging said partition member, and means securing the parts ofthe head together and to said cylin- 2'.' -In an oil engine, in combination with the cylinder thereof, a three part cylinder head comprising -acylinder head ring en-.

gagin the c linder and providing an openmg 0 smal er diameterthan the c linder' bore, a partit on member engaging said ring and having a perforated boss extending into said opening, and a combustion chamber member engag1ng sa1d partition member, and means securm the parts of the head, together and to said cylinder.

3. In an oil engine, in combination with the cylinder thereof, a three part cylinder head comprising a cylinder head ring engaging the c hnder and providing an openmg of smal er diameter than the cylinder bore, a partition member engaging said ring and having a boss extending into and substantially fi ling said opening, and a combustion chamber member engaging said partitlon member, said boss having at least one opening therethrough to provide restricted communication between the c linder bore and the combustion chamber, an means securing the head parts together and to said cylinder and sealing the joints therebetween. Y Y

4. In an oil engine, in combination with the cylinder thereof, a three part cylinder head comprising va cylinder head ring engaglng the cylinder and providing an open.- ing of smaller diameter than the cylinder bore, a partition member engaging said ring and having a boss extending into and oil engine of it three part cylinder head comprising a cylinder head ring engaging the cylinder, a perforated separator or partition. member engaging said rin and reducing the opening provided by the atter, and a comextending into the said opening of said ring, said ring providing perforations for the passage of cooling water from the cylinder to said cored boss, and a combustion chamber member engaging said partition member, and means securing the parts of the head together and to the cylinder.

7. In a water cooled oil engine, in combination with the cylinder thereof, a three part head comprising a cylinder head ring engaging the cylinder and providing an opening of smaller diameter than the cylinder bore, a partition member engaging said ring and having a cored boss extending into said opening, said ring providing perforations for the passage of cooling water from the cylinder to said cored boss, and a cored combustion chamber member engaging said partition member, said partition member having at least oneopening therethrough providing connection between the combustion chamber and the cylinder bore, said ring and said partition member having passages providing access of the cooling water to the cored walls of said combustion chamber member, and means securing the parts of the head together and to the cylinder.

8. A three part head for internal combustion engines comprising acylinder head ring adapted to engage the cylinder, a combustion chamber member, and a water-cooled partition member interposed between said two first named members and reducing the opening provided by said ring.

9. A three part head for oil engines and the like comprising a cylinder head ring adapted to engage the cylinder, a combustion chamber member, and a partition member arranged to be interposed between said two first named members, said partition member having a boss projecting into and through the end opening of said ring and having at least one opening for providing restricted connection-between the combustion chamber and the bore of the engine cylinder.

11. A three part head for internal combus tion engines comprising a cylinder head ring adapted to engage the cylinder, a combustion chamber member, and a partition member arranged tobe interposed between said two first named members, said partition memher having a boss arranged to extend through and substantially fill the end opening ofsaid ring, said bOfS being cored for the passage of cooling fluid therethrough and having at least one opening for establishing restricted connection between the combustion chamber and the bore of the engine cylinder.

12. A three part head for hydrocarbon engines comprising a cylinder head ring adapted to engage the cylinder. a cored combustion chamber member, and a partition. member arranged to be interposed between said two first named members, said. partition member having a cored boss extending into the open end of said ring and having at least one restricted opening therethrough not connected to its cored interior, said ring providing passages for the circulation of cooling fluid from theengine through the cored parts of said two last named members. Signed by me at Franklin, Pennsylvania, this 6th day of June, 1924.

LEON F. HOFFMAN. 

